Abstract
This comprehensive survey delves into the realm of assisted organic synthesis, focusing on the microwave-assisted construction of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. Heterocyclic compounds, integral to medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals, and material science, have seen significant advancements with the advent of microwave irradiation. The survey systematically explores the strategies employed in microwave-assisted synthesis, emphasizing cyclization, condensation, and multicomponent reactions. It highlights the distinctive advantages conferred by microwave irradiation, including accelerated reaction times, heightened yields, and enhanced purity of synthesized heterocycles. The survey meticulously categorizes the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyrazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines, and imidazoles, showcasing notable examples and their pharmaceutical significance. Additionally, it scrutinizes the microwave-assisted synthesis of oxygen-containing hetero